Timeline of Palestine/Israel region

1948 - Present Day

• Israel
• Palestine

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1920 AD - 1948 AD

• Mandatory Palestine
• Ruled by British Empire
• Majority of the approximately 750,000 people in this multi-ethnic region were Arabic-speaking Muslims
• Jews accounted for 11% of the total

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1872 AD - 1917 AD

• Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem
• Province ruled by Ottoman Empire
• Demographics: inhabitants identified themselves primarily on religious terms, 84% being Muslim Arabs.

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1517 AD - 1872 AD

• Jerusalem Sanjak
• Ruled by Ottoman Empire

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1291 AD - 1517 AD

• General region ruled by Egyptian Mamluk Sultanate
• During this period, the majority population was now Muslim

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1099 AD - 1291 AD

• Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem
• Ruled as a Catholic Crusader State of mostly French Rulers
• Demographics:
• The majority of the kingdom's inhabitants were native Christians, especially Greek and Syriac Orthodox
• There were also a small number of Jews and Samaritans.

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630 AD - 1099 AD

• Jund Filastin
• Ruled by Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates
• Demographics:
• Inhabited mainly by Aramaic-speaking Miaphysite Christian peasants.
• The population did not become predominantly Muslim and Arab in identity until several centuries after the conquest.

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395 AD - 630 AD

• Palestine Prima + Secunda
• Ruled by Byzantine Empire
• Demographics: Majority Greek-speaking Byzantine Christians and Christian Ghassanid Arabs

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44 AD - 390 AD

• Province of Judea (later renamed Syria Palaestina)
• Ruled by Roman Empire
• At the end of the Bar Kokhba revolt (132 AD), Jewish settlement in Judea had nearly been eradicated.
• By the 400s AD, Christians formed a majority in Palestine and Jerusalem.

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37BC - 44AD

• Herodian Dynasty Judea
• Semi-independent client state of Rome

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332 BC - 37BC

• Hasmonean Dynasty Judea
• Varying degrees of independence and client state status under the Hellenistic Seleucids (Alexander the Great’s Macedonian Empire) and then Roman Republic

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539 BC - 332 BC

• Yehud Medinata
• Ruled by Persian Empire

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586 BC - 539 BC

• Yehud Province
• Ruled by Neo-Babylonian Empire

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930 BC - 586 BC

• Kingdoms of Israel + Judah
  • Independent Jewish Kingdoms
• Philistia
  • Ruled by Neo-Babylonian Empire

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1047 BC - 930 BC

• United Kingdom of Israel

  • 1st Independent Jewish Kingdom

• Philistia

  • Aegean (Greek) Philistines who mixed with the local Canaanite population