whit

The entire forest 🌳 for now. Please 🙏 tell me where I’m wrong 😑

🌳 FOLLOW THE SATS

Everything I have mapped so far.

LEGEND

🟩 verified money / relationship 🟦 project / output 🟪 repeat funding / renewal / LTS 🟧 concentration / structure ⬜ unknown / incomplete 🔴 governance question, NOT proof of wrongdoing

ROOT │ ├── JACK DORSEY / #startsmall │ │ ├── 🟩 OpenSats │ │ │ │ │ ├── $31M total #startsmall support tracked │ │ │ │ │ ├── $10M explicitly earmarked for Nostr │ │ │ ├── $5M → 2023 Nostr Fund │ │ │ └── $5M → 2024 Nostr Fund │ │ │ │ │ ├── ~$8.9M Nostr allocated by end-2024 │ │ ├── $3,205,776 Nostr payouts in 2025 │ │ ├── $1,430,816 payouts H1 2026 │ │ └── $801,317 payable June 2026 │ │ │ │ │ │ ├── 🟦 SOAPBOX FAMILY │ │ │ └── Alex Gleason │ │ │ ├── 867,230,507 visible sats │ │ │ ├── 8.67230507 BTC │ │ │ ├── OpenSats │ │ │ ├── AOS │ │ │ ├── fiatjaf support │ │ │ ├── HRF relationship partially reconciled │ │ │ ├── 🟪 LTS │ │ │ └── Nostr got: │ │ │ ├── Soapbox │ │ │ ├── Ditto │ │ │ ├── Mostr │ │ │ ├── Nostrify │ │ │ └── Shakespeare │ │ │ │ │ ├── 🟦 NDK │ │ │ └── PabloF7z │ │ │ ├── 734,463,998 sats │ │ │ ├── 7.34463998 BTC │ │ │ ├── OpenSats │ │ │ ├── 🟪 LTS │ │ │ └── Nostr got: │ │ │ ├── NDK │ │ │ ├── nsecBunker │ │ │ ├── Highlighter │ │ │ └── reusable TypeScript infrastructure │ │ │ │ │ ├── 🟦 DAMUS FAMILY │ │ │ └── William Casarin / jb55 │ │ │ ├── 696,343,560 sats │ │ │ ├── 6.96343560 BTC │ │ │ ├── OpenSats │ │ │ ├── HRF → $50,000 │ │ │ ├── 🟪 LTS │ │ │ ├── 🟪 later renewals │ │ │ └── Nostr got: │ │ │ ├── Damus │ │ │ ├── Notedeck │ │ │ ├── NostrDB │ │ │ ├── NWC │ │ │ └── messaging work │ │ │ │ │ ├── 🟦 CORACLE FAMILY │ │ │ └── Hodlbod │ │ │ ├── 573,101,947 sats │ │ │ ├── 5.73101947 BTC │ │ │ ├── OpenSats → $187,500 entity support │ │ │ ├── HRF → $50,000 │ │ │ ├── AOS-related support │ │ │ ├── 🟪 LTS │ │ │ └── Nostr got: │ │ │ ├── Coracle │ │ │ ├── Flotilla │ │ │ ├── Welshman │ │ │ └── relay/client infrastructure │ │ │ │ │ ├── 🟦 ngit / git collaboration │ │ │ ├── 536,124,313 sats │ │ │ ├── 5.36124313 BTC │ │ │ └── ⬜ exact human attribution still incomplete │ │ │ │ │ ├── 🟦 0xchat │ │ │ ├── 361,740,436 sats │ │ │ ├── 3.61740436 BTC │ │ │ ├── multiple funding events │ │ │ ├── 🟪 renewal │ │ │ └── Nostr got secure messaging │ │ │ │ │ ├── 🟦 AMETHYST / QUARTZ │ │ │ └── Vitor Pamplona │ │ │ ├── 292,461,090 sats │ │ │ ├── 2.92461090 BTC │ │ │ ├── OpenSats │ │ │ ├── fiatjaf fund → 5,000,000 sats │ │ │ ├── HRF bounty │ │ │ ├── 🟪 LTS │ │ │ └── Nostr got: │ │ │ ├── Amethyst │ │ │ └── Quartz reusable Kotlin library │ │ │ │ │ ├── 🟦 APPLESAUCE FAMILY │ │ │ └── hzrd149 │ │ │ ├── 230,164,585 sats │ │ │ ├── 2.30164585 BTC │ │ │ ├── OpenSats │ │ │ ├── earlier fiatjaf support │ │ │ ├── 🟪 LTS │ │ │ └── Nostr got: │ │ │ ├── Applesauce │ │ │ ├── Blossom │ │ │ ├── noStrudel │ │ │ └── nsite │ │ │ │ │ ├── 🟦 MOSTRO │ │ │ ├── 201,966,510 sats │ │ │ ├── 2.01966510 BTC │ │ │ ├── OpenSats │ │ │ ├── HRF │ │ │ ├── Btrust contributor support │ │ │ └── Nostr got P2P Bitcoin marketplace/protocol tooling │ │ │ │ │ ├── 🟦 FROSTR │ │ │ ├── 122,738,299 sats │ │ │ ├── 1.22738299 BTC │ │ │ └── Nostr got key/signing infrastructure │ │ │ │ │ ├── 🟦 ZAPSTORE │ │ │ ├── 90,912,247 sats │ │ │ ├── 0.90912247 BTC │ │ │ ├── 🟪 later renewal │ │ │ └── Nostr got app distribution + signed releases │ │ │ │ │ ├── 🟦 AMBER │ │ │ └── Greenart7c3 │ │ │ ├── 75,283,890 sats │ │ │ ├── 0.75283890 BTC │ │ │ ├── 🟪 LTS │ │ │ └── signing / key isolation │ │ │ │ │ ├── 🟦 CONTEXTVM │ │ │ ├── 63,547,798 sats │ │ │ ├── 0.63547798 BTC │ │ │ └── AI / MCP / SDK / relay infrastructure │ │ │ │ │ ├── 🟦 JUMBLE │ │ │ ├── 60,982,479 sats │ │ │ ├── 0.60982479 BTC │ │ │ ├── 🟪 later renewal │ │ │ └── browser client / relay discovery │ │ │ │ │ └── 🟦 CITRINE │ │ └── Greenart7c3 │ │ ├── 3,873,203 sats │ │ ├── 0.03873203 BTC │ │ └── local relay / signing infrastructure │ │ │ │ │ ├── 🟪 NOSTR LONG-TERM SUPPORT │ │ │ │ ├── PabloF7z │ │ ├── Stuart Bowman │ │ ├── hzrd149 │ │ ├── William Casarin │ │ ├── Yuki Kishimoto │ │ ├── Hodlbod │ │ ├── fiatjaf │ │ ├── Kieran Harkin │ │ ├── Vitor Pamplona │ │ ├── Daniele │ │ ├── Alex Gleason │ │ ├── Mike Dilger │ │ ├── Greenart7c3 │ │ └── SnowCait │ │ │ │ └── 2025: │ │ ~35% of Nostr Fund allocation → LTS │ │ │ │ │ └── 🟦 OTHER OFFICIAL OPENSATS NOSTR GRANTS │ │ ├── Habla │ ├── Iris │ ├── rust-nostr / nostr-sdk │ ├── Nostr Relay NestJS │ ├── Satellite │ ├── Pinstr │ ├── nostr.build │ ├── Gossip │ ├── Nostr SDK iOS │ ├── Nostr Design │ ├── Amber │ ├── Nozzle │ ├── Blowater │ ├── Nostur │ ├── Nostrocket │ ├── Snort │ ├── zap.stream │ ├── algia │ ├── nostr.watch │ ├── Relay Tools │ ├── ONOSENDAI │ ├── Lume │ ├── Flockstr │ ├── Camelus │ ├── noStrudel │ ├── ZapThreads │ ├── NIP-44 audit │ ├── NIP-90 DVM framework │ ├── nosvelte │ ├── npub.cash │ ├── nostter │ ├── nostr-filter-relay │ ├── Mostro │ ├── Citrine │ ├── DVMDash │ ├── nostr-php │ ├── Shopstr │ ├── Nostromo │ ├── Captain’s Log │ ├── Osty │ ├── Seer │ ├── Alphaama │ ├── Corny Chat │ ├── Nostroots │ ├── Yana │ ├── Dart NDK │ ├── Jester │ ├── Nostr Spring Boot Starter │ ├── Nostr Arduino │ ├── White Noise │ ├── futr │ ├── Notedeck │ ├── Keystache │ ├── Formstr │ ├── Groups │ ├── Coop │ ├── Nostrability │ ├── NIP-44 Libraries Audit │ ├── AlgoRelay │ ├── Pokey │ ├── Nostr Safebox │ ├── Persian NIPs │ ├── LumiLumi │ ├── Chachi │ ├── Zapstore │ ├── HyperNote │ ├── Nostr Epoxy │ ├── Swae │ ├── HAMSTR │ ├── Vertex │ ├── Nostr Double Ratchet │ ├── Nostr Game Engine │ ├── Frostr │ ├── Aegis │ ├── Gitplaza │ ├── Jumble │ ├── Atomic Signature Swaps │ ├── ZapTracker │ ├── Keydex │ ├── Bigbrotr │ ├── Grasp │ ├── Quartz │ ├── ContextVM │ ├── Nostube │ ├── TollGate │ ├── Amethyst Desktop │ ├── Nostr Mail │ ├── Nostrord │ ├── Nurunuru │ ├── 44Billion │ ├── NosCall │ ├── Routstr │ └── Wisp │ │ ├── 🟩 JACK DORSEY → FIATJAF FUND │ │ │ └── 14.17171699 BTC │ │ ├── Vitor Pamplona / Amethyst │ │ └── 5,000,000 sats │ │ │ ├── Martti Malmi / Iris │ │ └── 5,000,000 sats │ │ │ └── William Casarin │ └── 7 BTC redistribution role │ │ ⚠️ administered / redistributed capital │ ≠ personal compensation │ │ ├── 🟩 AOS / AND OTHER STUFF │ │ │ ├── ~ $10M upstream #startsmall contribution │ │ │ ├── White Noise │ │ └── Internet Privacy Foundation │ │ ├── $100,000 visible payment │ │ └── encrypted group messaging / MLS / Marmot │ │ │ ├── Verse Communications │ │ └── ~$400,000 visible 2026 slice │ │ │ ├── security audit work │ │ └── ~$91,333 visible │ │ │ ├── Soapbox family │ ├── Coracle-related work │ └── other Nostr / open-social development │ │ ├── 🟩 teamopen.tech │ │ │ ├── $5M upstream pool │ ├── substantial Nostr/open-social overlap │ └── ⚠️ entire pool is NOT Nostr-specific │ │ ├── 🟩 HUMAN RIGHTS FOUNDATION │ │ │ ├── William Casarin / Damus │ │ └── $50,000 │ │ │ ├── Hodlbod / Coracle │ │ └── $50,000 │ │ │ ├── Vitor Pamplona / Amethyst │ ├── White Noise / Jeff Gardner │ ├── Soapbox / Alex Gleason │ ├── Iris / Martti Malmi │ ├── Snort / zap.stream / Kieran Harkin │ ├── Mostro │ └── 0xchat │ │ ├── 🟩 BTRUST │ └── Mostro contributor support │ └── ⬜ amount not public in current evidence │ │ ├── 🟩 OPEN SOURCE JUSTICE FOUNDATION │ └── Fundsolvr / Keystache │ └── ⬜ amount not public in current evidence │ │ ├── 🟩 PRIVATE / EQUITY CAPITAL │ │ │ ├── TEN31 / Hivemind / others │ │ └── Primal │ │ └── $1M seed │ │ │ └── Angor participants │ └── Nostria │ └── $30,000 pre-seed │ │ └── ⬜ COMMUNITY / USERS ├── zaps ├── direct donations ├── crowdfunding └── ecosystem-wide total unknown

🌱 WHAT NOSTR GOT

├── clients ├── mobile apps ├── desktop apps ├── relays ├── SDKs ├── libraries ├── signing infrastructure ├── key-management tools ├── local relays ├── messaging ├── encrypted group messaging ├── audio/video calls ├── long-form publishing ├── commerce ├── marketplaces ├── P2P Bitcoin trading ├── Lightning integrations ├── Cashu integrations ├── app stores ├── signed software distribution ├── video infrastructure ├── media hosting ├── AI / MCP infrastructure ├── email compatibility ├── group/community software ├── IoT work ├── relay monitoring ├── security audits ├── NIP audits ├── protocol implementations ├── DVM infrastructure ├── design / UX ├── localization ├── education ├── maintenance └── long-term developer support

🌿 SHARED TECHNICAL ROOTS

PabloF7z └── NDK └── downstream web clients / tools

Vitor Pamplona └── Quartz └── Amethyst + downstream Kotlin tooling

Hodlbod └── Welshman └── Coracle / successor apps

William Casarin / team └── NostrDB └── Damus / Notedeck family

hzrd149 └── Applesauce └── noStrudel / Blossom / other tooling

Yuki Kishimoto / rust-nostr team └── rust-nostr / nostr-sdk └── reusable Rust/Nostr infrastructure

🟪 REPEAT-FUNDING LAYER

Documented repeat / multi-funder families include:

├── Damus / William ├── Coracle / Hodlbod ├── Soapbox / Alex ├── Amethyst / Vitor ├── Iris / Martti ├── White Noise / Jeff ├── Snort / zap.stream / Kieran ├── Mostro ├── 0xchat └── others through renewals / LTS

Later official waves include renewals for projects including:

├── futr ├── Notedeck ├── npub.cash ├── Camelus ├── Damus ├── Nostromo ├── Nostroots ├── Jumble ├── Nostr Safebox ├── Coop ├── 0xchat ├── Dart NDK ├── nostr-relay ├── HAMSTR └── Zapstore

🟧 PUBLIC-COUNTER SAMPLE

15 projects

4,910,934,862 sats

= 49.10934862 BTC

Top 5: 34.07 BTC = 69.4%

Top 10: 46.16 BTC = 94%

Bottom 5: 2.95 BTC = 6%

🟧 UPSTREAM CONCENTRATION WE ALSO TRACKED

OpenSats 2024:

largest donor share: ~89%

top 3 donors: ~97.5%

minimum HHI: 7,954

OpenSats 2025:

largest donor share: ~63.3%

top 3: ~83.9%

minimum HHI: 4,232

🔴 GOVERNANCE / STRUCTURE QUESTIONS

Not accusations.

Questions.

Who funds whom repeatedly?

Who becomes LTS?

Who reviews grants?

Who approves grants?

Who is both recipient + infrastructure maintainer?

Who authors standards?

Who controls default relays?

Which apps rely on the same SDKs?

Which projects survive?

Which projects merge or die?

How replaceable are shared technical roots?

How many different project names map back to the same humans?

⬜ THINGS WE STILL DO NOT KNOW PERFECTLY

├── every unique human recipient ├── every recipient-level payment date ├── every private donor ├── every zap / community payment ├── exact personal compensation ├── exact amounts for many LTS awards ├── full ecosystem human-level HHI ├── complete technical dependency HHI ├── full hosting concentration └── every grant transaction ID

RULES OF THE AUDIT

Funding ≠ control.

Project funding ≠ personal income.

Project count ≠ unique human count.

Concentration ≠ corruption.

Unknown ≠ zero.

Announcement ≠ allocation.

Allocation ≠ payable.

Payable ≠ paid.

Project counter ≠ payment ledger.

Role overlap ≠ wrongdoing.

THE QUESTION

Not:

“Is Nostr decentralized?”

Too easy.

The questions are:

Who funded it?

Who got funded?

Who got funded repeatedly?

What did they build?

Who depends on what they built?

Where did the money concentrate?

Where did the infrastructure concentrate?

And is that changing over time?

Follow the sats. Follow the humans. Follow the code. Follow the dependencies.

🌳

#FollowTheSats #Nostr #Bitcoin #BTC #btc

THE WOMAN WAS ALWAYS HERE

Women who built calculation, communications, computing, networks, software, the internet, AI, Bitcoin, and freedom tech

1757–1759 — Nicole-Reine Lepaute Calculated the predicted return of Halley’s Comet. One of the earliest documented women performing large-scale scientific computation.

1773–1815 — Mary Edwards Calculated astronomical tables for Britain’s Nautical Almanac, used for navigation at sea.

early 1800s — Eliza Edwards Continued the astronomical computing work of her mother, Mary Edwards.

1843 — Ada Lovelace Published notes on Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine, including an algorithm for Bernoulli numbers and the idea that programmable machines could manipulate symbols beyond arithmetic.

1840s–1860s — Women telegraph operators Operated some of the earliest electrical communications networks.

1875 — Anna Winlock Became one of Harvard Observatory’s earliest women “computers,” reducing and calculating astronomical data.

1878 — Emma Nutt Became the first known female telephone operator.

1880s — Williamina Fleming Harvard computer who classified stars and discovered astronomical objects, including the Horsehead Nebula.

1890s — Antonia Maury Created a sophisticated system for classifying stellar spectra.

1890s–1910s — Henrietta Swan Leavitt Discovered the relationship between Cepheid variable stars’ brightness and periods, allowing astronomers to measure cosmic distances.

1896 onward — Annie Jump Cannon Developed the stellar classification system that became the basis for the modern OBAFGKM sequence.

1917–1918 — U.S. Army “Hello Girls” Women Signal Corps telephone operators ran critical military communications networks during World War I.

1919–1922 — Edith Clarke Earned an electrical engineering degree from MIT, invented the Clarke calculator, and became the first woman professionally employed as an electrical engineer at General Electric.

1930s–1940s — Women human computers at NACA Calculated aerodynamics, aircraft performance, and engineering data by hand before electronic computers took over.

1942 — Hedy Lamarr Co-invented a frequency-hopping communication system designed to resist radio jamming.

1943 onward — Dorothy Vaughan Human computer, supervisor of the West Area Computing unit, and later a FORTRAN programmer at NACA/NASA.

1944 — Grace Hopper Joined the Harvard Mark I team and later helped create compilers and machine-independent programming languages.

1945–1946 — Jean Bartik Original ENIAC programmer who helped invent practical electronic programming techniques.

1945–1946 — Betty Holberton Original ENIAC programmer who later worked on UNIVAC programming and software systems.

1945–1946 — Kay McNulty Original ENIAC programmer and mathematical computer.

1945–1946 — Frances Spence Original ENIAC programmer.

1945–1946 — Marlyn Meltzer Original ENIAC programmer.

1945–1946 — Ruth Teitelbaum Original ENIAC programmer.

1946 — Adele Goldstine Wrote the ENIAC technical manual and trained programmers to use the machine.

1949–1950s — Grace Hopper Developed early compiler systems, FLOW-MATIC, and helped shape COBOL.

1953 onward — Katherine Johnson Calculated trajectories for Mercury, Apollo, and other NASA missions.

1955 onward — Annie Easley Programmed NASA systems for energy research and the Centaur rocket.

1956 onward — Gladys West Developed geodetic models of the Earth that became foundational to GPS.

1957 onward — Frances Allen Pioneered compiler optimization and parallel computing at IBM.

1957–1960s — Erna Schneider Hoover Invented computerized telephone switching methods that prevented network overload.

1957 — Elsie Shutt Founded Computations Incorporated, one of the earliest software companies founded by a woman.

1958 — Mary Jackson Became NASA’s first Black female engineer.

1959 — Dina St Johnston Founded Vaughan Programming Services, an early independent software company.

1960s — Joan Clarke Earlier wartime cryptanalysis at Bletchley Park helped break Enigma traffic and shaped modern cryptanalytic practice.

1961–1969 — Margaret Hamilton Led Apollo flight software development and helped establish rigorous software engineering practices.

1962 — Evelyn Berezin Designed computerized airline reservation systems.

1962 — Stephanie “Steve” Shirley Founded Freelance Programmers, building software jobs specifically for women working from home.

1960s — Mary Allen Wilkes Helped develop the LINC computer and became one of the earliest people known to use a personal computer at home.

1965 — Sister Mary Kenneth Keller Earned one of the first U.S. doctorates in computer science and built computing education programs.

1960s — Jean Sammet Developed programming languages including FORMAC and documented early programming-language history.

1960s — Lois Haibt Member of IBM’s original FORTRAN development team.

1968 — Barbara Liskov Became the first woman in the U.S. to earn a PhD from a computer science department and later pioneered data abstraction and distributed systems.

1969–1970s — Evelyn Berezin Founded Redactron and commercialized computerized word processing.

1972 — Karen Spärck Jones Developed inverse document frequency, foundational to search and information retrieval.

1972–1989 — Elizabeth “Jake” Feinler Ran the ARPANET/Defense Data Network information center, overseeing WHOIS, host directories, and the domain naming structure that produced .com, .edu, .gov, .mil, .org, and .net.

1973 — Jude Milhon Helped build Community Memory, one of the earliest public electronic bulletin-board systems.

1970s — Adele Goldberg Led Smalltalk work at Xerox PARC and helped shape object-oriented programming and graphical user interfaces.

1970s — Lynn Conway Co-developed methods that revolutionized VLSI chip design.

1970s — Ginny Strazisar Co-wrote early router software for TCP/IP networks.

1970s — Susan Nycum Early researcher in computer law and computer crime.

1972 — Sandra Kurtzig Founded ASK Computer Systems, one of Silicon Valley’s earliest major woman-founded software firms.

1978 — Carol Shaw One of the first professional female video game programmers and designers.

1979 onward — Roberta Williams Co-founded Sierra On-Line and helped define graphical adventure games.

1981 — Dona Bailey Co-created Atari’s Centipede.

1982 — Susan Kare Designed icons, fonts, and visual language for the original Macintosh.

1982 — Marsha Rhea Williams Became the first Black woman known to earn a PhD in computer science.

1983 — Liz Allen Proposed net.women.only on Usenet after women’s discussions were heavily dominated by male posters.

1983–1985 — Women of net.women.only Built one of the earliest women-centered online communities.

1984–1985 — Women in U.S. computer science Women reached roughly 36.8% of U.S. computer and information science bachelor’s degrees.

1985 — Radia Perlman Created the Spanning Tree Protocol, foundational to scalable Ethernet networking.

1985 — Sophie Wilson Co-designed the ARM architecture, eventually used in billions of devices.

1987 — Anita Borg Founded Systers, a professional support network for women in computing.

1980s–1990s — Susan Estrada Founded CERFnet and helped expand academic and commercial Internet networking.

1980s–1990s — Elise Gerich Played major roles in NSFNET and Internet routing operations.

1980s onward — Shafi Goldwasser Co-created foundational concepts in modern cryptography, including zero-knowledge proofs.

1980s onward — Nancy Lynch Pioneered distributed computing and fault-tolerant consensus theory.

1990 — Stacy Horn Founded ECHO, one of the earliest influential online communities.

1990s — Susan Herring Pioneered research on gender, online communication, flaming, harassment, power, and participation.

1994 — Susan Herring Published Why Women Thank and Men Flame.

1995 — Susan Herring Published “Freedom of Speech or Freedom of Harassment?”

1996 — Kira Hall Published Cyberfeminism, documenting online gender, harassment, and women building their own digital spaces.

1990s — Amy Bruckman Built and studied early online communities, identity, education, and collaborative environments.

1990s — Judith Donath Pioneered research on online identity, signaling, trust, and social computing.

1990s — Wendy Hall Pioneered hypermedia and Web science.

1990s — Susan Landau Advanced cybersecurity, cryptography, privacy, and communications-policy research.

1990s — Diane Greene Co-founded VMware and helped make virtualization mainstream.

1990s — Judy Estrin Built networking companies and contributed to Internet infrastructure.

1990s — Kim Polese Led Java product work and later founded Marimba.

1990s — Mitchell Baker Led Mozilla and helped institutionalize open-source browser development.

1998–1999 — Megan Smith Joined Google and became a major technology executive; later U.S. Chief Technology Officer.

1999 — Marissa Mayer Joined Google as one of its earliest engineers and became a major search/product leader.

1999 — Susan Herring Published The Rhetorical Dynamics of Gender Harassment On-Line, documenting men harassing women and invoking “free speech” against women who objected.

1999 — Susan Wojcicki Became one of Google’s earliest employees and later led advertising and YouTube.

2000s — Safra Catz Rose through Oracle leadership and became CEO.

2000s — Padmasree Warrior Senior technology executive at Motorola and Cisco.

2000s — Cher Wang Co-founded HTC and VIA Technologies.

2000s — Weili Dai Co-founded Marvell Technology.

2000s — Ann Winblad Early software entrepreneur and venture capitalist.

2005 — Limor Fried Founded Adafruit and helped make open-source electronics and hardware education mainstream.

2000s — Leah Buechley Created LilyPad Arduino and helped merge computing with textiles and wearable electronics.

2000s — Ruchi Sanghvi Became Facebook’s first female engineer.

2000s — Katie Moussouris Pioneered vulnerability disclosure and bug bounty programs.

2000s — Window Snyder Led major security programs at Microsoft, Mozilla, Apple, and Intel.

2000s — Parisa Tabriz Became a major Chrome/Google security leader.

2000s — Joanna Rutkowska Pioneered virtualization security research and later created Qubes OS.

2007 — Kathy Sierra Programmer and author whose sexualized threats and harassment became a landmark case in online gendered intimidation.

2010s — Sheryl Sandberg Helped scale Facebook/Meta’s advertising and global platform operations.

2010s — Ursula Burns Engineer who became CEO of Xerox, the first Black woman to lead a Fortune 500 company.

2010s — Meg Whitman Led eBay and later Hewlett-Packard.

2012 — Reshma Saujani Founded Girls Who Code.

2012 — Anita Sarkeesian Faced coordinated misogynistic harassment after proposing a series examining women in video games.

2014 — Zoë Quinn Game developer whose harassment became central to Gamergate.

2014 — Brianna Wu Game developer and entrepreneur targeted by Gamergate harassment.

2014 onward — Tracy Chou Publicly pushed tech companies to disclose gender representation data.

2010s — danah boyd Researched social networks, identity, privacy, youth, and online power.

2010s — Safiya Umoja Noble Documented discriminatory search and algorithmic systems.

2010s — Ruha Benjamin Studied technology, automation, classification, and inequality.

2010s — Cathy O’Neil Documented harmful high-impact algorithms.

2010s — Virginia Eubanks Studied automated welfare and decision systems.

2010s — Sarah T. Roberts Documented hidden human labor in content moderation.

2010s — Mary Gray Researched invisible labor supporting AI and digital platforms.

2010s — Kate Crawford Studied the political, labor, material, and environmental systems underlying AI.

2010s — Fei-Fei Li Created ImageNet and became one of the most influential modern AI researchers.

2010s — Joy Buolamwini Founded the Algorithmic Justice League and exposed racial and gender bias in facial-analysis systems.

2010s — Timnit Gebru Pioneered research on dataset bias, facial recognition, large AI models, and AI institutional power.

2010s — Meredith Whittaker Researcher and organizer focused on AI power and surveillance; later president of Signal.

2010s — Cynthia Breazeal Pioneered social robotics.

2010s — Daphne Koller Machine-learning researcher and co-founder of Coursera.

2010s — Dawn Song Researcher in computer security, privacy, AI, and blockchain.

2010s — Rana el Kaliouby Pioneered affective computing and co-founded Affectiva.

2010s — Deborah Raji Advanced algorithmic auditing and AI accountability.

2010s — Rediet Abebe Pioneered algorithmic fairness and computational social science.

2010s — Lisa Su Electrical engineer and AMD CEO who led one of the most important turnarounds in semiconductor history.

2010s — Gwynne Shotwell Engineer and president/COO of SpaceX.

2010s — Melanie Perkins Co-founded Canva and became CEO.

2010s — Whitney Wolfe Herd Founded Bumble and redesigned online dating interaction around women initiating contact.

2010s — Anne Wojcicki Co-founded 23andMe and helped commercialize consumer genomics.

2010s — Elizabeth Stark Co-founded Lightning Labs and became one of the most prominent leaders in Lightning Network development.

2010s — Alena Vranova Co-founded SatoshiLabs and helped build early Bitcoin hardware-wallet infrastructure.

2010s–2020s — Anita Posch Bitcoin educator and founder of Bitcoin for Fairness.

2010s–2020s — Lisa Neigut / niftynei Lightning protocol developer, Base58 founder, and Bitcoin developer educator.

2019 onward — Carla Kirk-Cohen Lightning engineer who became Executive Director of Chaincode Labs.

2020 onward — Gloria Zhao Bitcoin Core contributor and maintainer specializing in mempool and transaction relay policy.

2021 onward — Ava Chow Bitcoin Core developer and maintainer.

2020s — Amiti Uttarwar Bitcoin Core contributor who later created Waye to support open-source developer sustainability and retention.

2020s — Lindsey Grossman Led Bitkey product, data science, partnerships, and marketing during its development.

2020s — Lorraine Marcel Founded Bitcoin Dada and Dada Devs to train African women in Bitcoin and Lightning development.

2020s — Brianna Honkawa d’Estries Founded Evento and Hack4Freedom, creating women-focused Bitcoin, Lightning, Nostr, and freedom-tech development programs.

2020s — M.K. Fain Built Soapbox and Henhouse, including women-centered community infrastructure on Nostr.

2020s — Mogashni Naidoo Bitcoin design/community leader and freedom-tech mentor.

2020s — Stephanie Titcombe Worked on Bitcoin developer pipeline and education programs.

2020s — Charlene Fadirepo Founded Satoshi Sisterhood and worked on Bitcoin education and community-building.

2022 — Women at Bitcoin 2022 Publicly reported sexual harassment, unwanted photography, alleged groping, and other hostile treatment.

2024 — Henhouse ( M.K. Fain ) Women built a dedicated Nostr community explicitly banning misogyny and harassment.

2025 — Hack4Freedom Twenty women produced eight open-source freedom-tech projects involving Bitcoin, Lightning, and Nostr.

2026 — Hack4Freedom Lagos Thirty-eight women produced thirteen projects, including Nostr applications.

2026 — Women are still building Bitcoin, Lightning, Nostr, AI, cryptography, chips, networks, hardware, software, and communications infrastructure.

And the point of this list is not:

“Look, some women did technology too.”

The point is:

Women were calculating before computers were machines.

Women were routing communications before networks were digital.

Women programmed before programming was a profession.

Women built Internet infrastructure before the Web existed.

Women were online before anyone could tell us there were no women online.

And women are building decentralized technology now.

So maybe stop asking:

“Where are the women?”

Start asking:

“Why did history keep forgetting their names?”

🪞🔬📚

The woman was always here.

#TheWomanWasAlwaysHere #WomenInTech #WomenInComputing #TechHistory #InternetHistory #WomenInSTEM #OpenSource #Bitcoin #Nostr #FreedomTech #Herstory #Receipts #research

You want me to assume institutional adoption will be harmless when the history of finance gives me absolutely no reason to make that assumption.

Make it make sense, #Bitcoin. 😂🟠

21 million didn’t change. The players did.

Hey plebs: Who is red-teaming your wallet?

👀🔐

Not auditing it once. Not reviewing the open-source code. Not waiting for a bug bounty.

Who is continuously paid to try to break it before an attacker does?

Ledger has Donjon.

Who does your wallet have?

Ask them. Bring receipts. 🧾

Cause friends: I asked over 100 questions of each wallet and the big commonality shocked me.

#Bitcoin #BitcoinSecurity #HardwareWallet #RedTeam #SelfCustody #Nostr #HardwareWallets #Coldcard #Coinkite #Ledger #LedgerDonjon #Trezor #BitBox #Passport #FoundationDevices #Blockstream #Jade #Tangem #Bitkey #SeedSigner #Keystone #RedTeam #RedTeaming #InfoSec #OpSec #CyberSecurity #OpenSource #BugBounty #SelfCustody #BitcoinSecurityResearch #ResponsibleDisclosure #AI #AISecurity #Nostr

And then

Can the internet give individuals a voice, an identity and money that no company or government can take away? 🐦⚡

JACK DORSEY — NETWORKS, MONEY AND PROTOCOLS

Jack Dorsey is a programmer and entrepreneur whose work repeatedly returns to one idea:

How can people exchange information and value directly?

His earliest fascination was not social media.

It was dispatch systems—the real-time networks cities use to coordinate taxis, couriers and emergency vehicles.

Every participant had a location.

Every message changed the network.

That idea eventually helped shape Twitter:

A worldwide public conversation built from short, immediate messages.

Twitter gave millions of people a voice—but it also exposed the limitations of centralized platforms.

One company still controlled:

🔐 Accounts

📣 Distribution

🧮 Algorithms

🚫 Moderation

🏢 The entire underlying network

Dorsey also co-founded Square, now Block, which made digital payments accessible to small businesses and helped bring Bitcoin into mainstream financial tools.

He increasingly shifted his attention toward open protocols:

₿ Bitcoin for permissionless money

⚡ Lightning for rapid peer-to-peer payments

🪶 Nostr for portable identity and communication

🧑‍💻 Open-source development that no single company owns

Through #startsmall, he donated $10 million to OpenSats in 2023, including $5 million dedicated to Nostr.

In 2024, #startsmall contributed another $21 million—including another $5 million for the Nostr Fund.

THE GIFT:

🌐 Jack helped millions of ordinary people publish and exchange value through simple digital tools.

He later used his money and influence to fund protocols that do not require him—or any other CEO—to remain in control.

THE SHADOW:

🏢 He also helped demonstrate how quickly a tool for public conversation can become centralized infrastructure with enormous power over speech, attention and identity.

Supporting decentralization does not erase that history.

It may represent an attempt to learn from it.

In the portrait:

🗺️ The dispatch map represents his original fascination with cities communicating in real time.

🐦 One blue bird dissolves into many free birds—one platform giving way to an open network.

🔗 The relay constellation represents Nostr.

🔑 The keys represent identity and custody belonging to the individual.

⚡ The golden paths represent value traveling directly between people.

◼️ The black block represents the company he still leads—and the unresolved tension between corporations and protocols.

Jack Dorsey’s story is not simply about building companies.

It is about discovering that the most powerful network may be the one its creator cannot own.

REFERENCES:

Block — Leadership

https://investors.block.xyz/governance/leadership/default.aspx

OpenSats — The Nostr Fund

https://opensats.org/funds/nostr

OpenSats — $10 Million from #startsmall

https://opensats.org/blog/opensats-receives-additional-funding-of-dollar10m-from-startsmall

OpenSats — Additional $21 Million from #startsmall

https://opensats.org/blog/opensats-receives-additional-funding-of-dollar21m-from-startsmall

#JackDorsey #Nostr #Bitcoin #LightningNetwork #OpenProtocols #OpenSource #FreedomTech #DigitalIdentity #Twitter #Block #OpenSats #TechHistory

Can strangers create trustworthy money together without trusting a ruler, bank—or even its inventor?

₿🟠 SATOSHI NAKAMOTO — THE ANONYMOUS ARCHITECT

Satoshi Nakamoto is the pseudonym used by Bitcoin’s unidentified creator—or creators.

In 2008, Satoshi published Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System.

The problem was digital trust.

Ordinary digital money could be copied. A central institution normally had to maintain the ledger and prevent the same money from being spent twice.

Bitcoin replaced that central bookkeeper with:

🔐 Digital signatures

🌐 A peer-to-peer network

⛏️ Proof of work

🧱 A public chain of transaction blocks

📏 Rules independently verified by nodes

On January 3, 2009, Satoshi mined Bitcoin’s genesis block.

Embedded inside it was a newspaper headline concerning another bank bailout—a timestamp and an unmistakable reminder of the financial system Bitcoin entered.

Satoshi released the software as open source, worked with early contributors, and then gradually withdrew.

By 2011, Satoshi had disappeared from public development.

No government appointed a successor.

No corporation inherited ownership of Bitcoin.

The network continued.

🎁 THEIR GIFT:

Satoshi combined earlier cryptographic and digital-money ideas into a functioning system that allowed people to verify monetary rules without trusting one central authority.

🌑 THEIR SHADOW:

Decentralized rules do not guarantee decentralized reality.

Mining can concentrate.

Large custodians can control users’ coins.

Developers and institutions can accumulate influence.

And people can turn an anti-authoritarian system into another hierarchy of approved beliefs and personalities.

Bitcoin minimizes the need for trusted rulers.

It does not eliminate human power.

🎨 THE PORTRAIT:

Satoshi has no visible face because no identity has been conclusively proven.

The amber blocks emerge from the hands and spread into an equal peer-to-peer constellation.

Earth represents money crossing borders.

The crescent Moon represents a creator who disappeared before the system reached fullness.

The dark industrial towers represent mining and institutional concentration threatening the network’s original balance.

The portrait refuses to invent the person.

The work is what remains visible.

REFERENCE:

Bitcoin white paper

https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf

Original Bitcoin code archive

https://satoshi.nakamotoinstitute.org/code/

Complete Satoshi writings

https://satoshi.nakamotoinstitute.org/

#SatoshiNakamoto #Bitcoin #PeerToPeer #ElectronicCash #ProofOfWork #Blockchain #Cryptography #Cypherpunk #OpenSource #SelfCustody #BitcoinNodes #Decentralization #DigitalMoney #TechCosmology #Research

📜⚡ TODAY IN BITCOIN HISTORY August 7, 2010

Bitcoin was barely a toddler.

BTC was trading around six cents. ₿

And Satoshi Nakamoto was on BitcoinTalk answering questions about what this strange little internet money could become. StatMuse

⚡ ENERGY

People were already arguing that Bitcoin mining wasted electricity.

Satoshi compared Bitcoin mining to gold mining and argued that the important question wasn’t whether energy was consumed.

It was whether the utility created was worth the energy used.

The conclusion:

“Therefore, not having Bitcoin would be the net waste.”

That was August 7, 2010. (Satoshi Nakamoto Institute)

🔐 ESCROW

Only a few hours later, Satoshi started another thread explaining how Bitcoin could enable escrow without simply trusting someone to hold the money.

Buyer. Seller. Cryptography. Rules enforced by software.

They were already thinking beyond “digital coins” toward programmable transactions and ways to remove the financial incentive to cheat.

(Satoshi Nakamoto Institute)

And here’s the part worth remembering:

Bitcoin wasn’t born finished.

People questioned it.

They found problems.

They argued.

They proposed solutions.

They tested assumptions.

They built.

That is the lesson.

Open-source systems get stronger when humans keep questioning them.

🧠 Don’t worship builders. 🔎 Study what they built. 🐛 Find the weaknesses. 🛠️ Fix what can be fixed. 📚 Remember what was learned.

August 7, 2010: Bitcoin ≈ $0.06.

Satoshi was discussing energy, incentives, escrow and trust.

Sixteen years later, we’re still arguing about the same damn things. 😂

#Bitcoin #BitcoinHistory #Satoshi #OpenSource #Cypherpunk #TodayInBitcoinHistory

For most of history, we told one story at a time.

The history of AI. The history of technology. The history of civilization. The history of humanity. The history of spirituality.

But that’s not how history happened.

They all happened at the same time.

🧠 Intelligence kept learning.

🛠️ Technology kept building.

🌍 The world kept changing.

❤️ People kept living.

✨ Meaning kept asking why.

For decades, they looked like separate roads.

Now they’re meeting at the same crossroads.

The future won’t be written by AI alone.

It absolutely can not be written by governments alone.

It won’t be written by technology alone.

It will be written by all of us, together.

The question is no longer:

“Which road is the right one?”

The question is:

“What can we build now that the roads have finally met?”

#AI #Technology #Humanity #History #Innovation #Future #Wisdom #Nostr #Bitcoin #OpenSource #WorldPeace ☮️

My review of #bitcoin #history of hardware wallets

📝 not including #NVK #ColdCard

#BTC #Veterans please check & update me where applicable please

📘 AFTER ACTION REVIEW #AAR

#Bitcoin #Self-Custody (2009–Present)

Mission

Enable ordinary people to securely own and control digital money without relying on a trusted third party.

⸻

1. What was the mission?

Give individuals direct ownership of money while maintaining:

• Security
• Privacy
• Recovery
• Usability
• Long-term resilience

⸻

2. What actually happened?

Bitcoin succeeded.

Self-custody proved possible.

Hardware wallets dramatically reduced malware theft.

But new threats emerged:

• Human error
• Phishing
• Lost backups
• Privacy breaches
• Complex recovery
• Poor user understanding

The battlefield changed.

⸻

3. What went well?

✅ Private keys became dramatically harder to steal remotely.

✅ Hardware wallets became inexpensive.

✅ Open-source security improved.

✅ QR and air-gapped signing reduced attack surfaces.

✅ Multisignature matured.

✅ Recovery options expanded.

✅ Bitcoin-only devices reduced unnecessary complexity.

✅ Documentation and education improved.

⸻

4. What went wrong?

❌ Users still approved malicious transactions.

❌ Recovery phrases were lost.

❌ Customer databases leaked.

❌ Supply-chain attacks occurred.

❌ Firmware transparency was misunderstood.

❌ Marketing often exceeded reality.

❌ Too many products assumed expert users.

❌ Families remained unprepared for inheritance.

⸻

5. Why?

Technology evolved faster than human understanding.

The industry optimized for cryptography.

The public needed education.

Security is only as strong as the person using it.

⸻

6. Sustains

Continue doing:

🟢 Hardware signing

🟢 Open standards

🟢 Human-readable verification

🟢 Bitcoin-only firmware

🟢 Independent audits

🟢 Air-gapped options

🟢 Privacy-first purchasing

🟢 Clear documentation

⸻

7. Improves

Focus future effort on:

🔵 Better recovery

🔵 Simpler interfaces

🔵 Family inheritance

🔵 Scam resistance

🔵 Clearer transaction signing

🔵 Less jargon

🔵 Beginner-first design

🔵 Interoperability

⸻

8. Enemy Tactics Observed

🎣 Phishing

🧠 Social engineering

📦 Fake devices

💻 Malware

📱 Malicious apps

📧 Fake firmware

👀 User confusion

🪤 Blind signing

⸻

9. Friendly Strengths

🛡️ Strong cryptography

🔐 Hardware isolation

👥 Open-source communities

📚 Documentation

🔎 Independent researchers

🌎 Global developer ecosystem

⸻

10. Battlefield Changed

2009

Protect the key.

↓

2013

Protect the computer.

↓

2016

Protect the device.

↓

2020

Protect the recovery.

↓

2025

Protect the human.

⸻

Commander’s Assessment

The mission has not changed.

The environment has.

The greatest remaining vulnerability is no longer cryptographic.

It is human comprehension.

Future success depends less on stronger encryption and more on making secure ownership understandable, recoverable, and practical for ordinary people.

⸻

Lessons Learned

1. Trust mathematics. Verify people.
2. Recovery is part of security.
3. The private key is only one link in the chain.
4. Privacy begins before purchase.
5. Every solution introduces new trade-offs.
6. The simplest secure system people will actually use beats the perfect system they abandon.
7. Education is security.
8. No device can compensate for poor decisions.

⸻

End State

The objective is not to build the world’s most secure hardware wallet.

The objective is to enable ordinary people to securely own their money with confidence, dignity, and resilience.

THE GREAT CORPORATE SHAKEOUT (2024 → 2026) #updated

This wasn't one company.

It wasn't one industry.

It was one financial environment.

📈 Interest rates rose. 💳 Cheap debt disappeared. 🏢 Leases rolled over. 💰 Refinancing became expensive. 🛒 Consumers became more selective.

↓

Retail 🧵 Joann 🏬 Big Lots 🛍️ Express 🎈 Party City 💊 Rite Aid 🏠 At Home 👛 Claire's

↓

Restaurants 🍔 Hooters 🌮 On the Border 🍸 Bar Louie 🍝 Bertucci's 🥘 Brio

↓

Media 📺 Diamond Sports 📻 Audacy 📰 Legacy media

↓

Different industries.

Same pressure.

Many businesses built for an era of inexpensive capital suddenly had to operate in a world where money costs more.

Some adapted.

Many didn't.

↓

The next generation of businesses may look different:

🏪 Local-first 🤝 Community-supported 💵 Lower overhead 📦 Smaller footprints 💳 Direct payments 🌐 Direct relationships ❤️ Trust as a competitive advantage

We're not just watching companies fail.

We're watching one business model give way to another.

#Bitcoin #BTC